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Wastewater treatment meets artificial photosynthesis: Solar to green fuel production, water remediation

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1536-5

摘要：

• Mitigating energy utilization and carbon emission is urgent for wastewater treatment.

关键词： Wastewater treatment     Artificial photosynthesis     Microbial photoelectrochemical (MPEC) system     Carbon neutral     Renewable energy    

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Visible light responsive photocatalysts developed by substitution with metal cations aiming at artificialphotosynthesis

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 568-576 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0774-8

摘要： To solve resource, energy, and environmental issues, development of sustainable clean energy system is strongly required. In recent years, hydrogen has been paid much attention to as a clean energy. Solar hydrogen production by water splitting using a photocatalyst as artificial photosynthesis is a promising method to solve these issues. Efficient utilization of visible light comprised of solar light is essential for practical use. Three strategies, i.e., doping, control of valence band, and formation of solid solution are often utilized as the useful methods to develop visible light responsive photocatalysts. This mini-review introduces the recent work on visible-light-driven photocatalysts developed by substitution with metal cations of those strategies.

关键词： visible light responsive photocatalyst     water splitting     artificial photosynthesis: metal ion substitution    

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Impact of photosynthesis and transpiration on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands

LUO Weiguo, WANG Shihe, HUANG Juan, YAN Lu, HUANG Jun

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 316-319 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0053-x

摘要： To determine the impact of photosynthesis and transpiration on nitrogen removal in wetlands, an artificial wetland planted with reeds was constructed to treat highly concentrated domestic wastewater. Under different meteorological and hydraulic conditions, the daily changes of photosynthesis and transpiration of reeds, as well as nitrogen removal efficiency were measured. It was found that net photosynthesis rate per unit leaf area was maintained on a high level (average 19.0 yDol CO/(m · s) ) from 10:00 to 14:00 in July 2004 and reached a peak of 21.1 μmol CO/(m · s) when Photon Flux Density was high during the day. Meanwhile, TN and NH-N removal efficiency rose to 79.6% and 89.6%, respectively–the maximum values observed in the test. Correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated a positive correlation among photon flux density, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and TN and NH-N removal efficiency. In contrast, there was a negative correlation between stomatal conductance and TN and NH-N removal efficiency. Results suggest that the photosynthesis and transpiration of wetland plants have a great impact on nitrogen removal efficiency of wetlands, which can be enhanced by an increase in the photosynthesis and transpiration rate. In addition, the efficiency of water usage by reeds and nitrogen removal efficiency could be affected by the water level in wetlands; a higher level boosts nitrogen removal efficiency.

关键词： transpiration     Correlation coefficient     nitrogen removal     artificial wetland     impact    

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Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture: An emerging semiconductor platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward hydrogen

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0881-9

摘要： Sunlight-powered water splitting presents a promising strategy for converting intermittent and virtually unlimited solar energy into energy-dense and storable green hydrogen. Since the pioneering discovery by Honda and Fujishima, considerable efforts have been made in this research area. Among various materials developed, Ga(X)N/Si (X = In, Ge, Mg, etc.) nanoarchitecture has emerged as a disruptive semiconductor platform to split water toward hydrogen by sunlight. This paper introduces the characteristics, properties, and growth/synthesis/fabrication methods of Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture, primarily focusing on explaining the suitability as an ideal platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward green hydrogen fuel. In addition, it exclusively summarizes the recent progress and development of Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical water splitting. Moreover, it describes the challenges and prospects of artificial photosynthesis integrated device and system using Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitectures for solar water splitting toward hydrogen.

关键词： Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture     artificial photosynthesis     water splitting     solar toward hydrogen    

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Photosynthesis and related metabolic mechanism of promoted rice (Oryza sativa

Yingdan Zhang, Na Liu, Wei Wang, Jianteng Sun, Lizhong Zhu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1282-5

摘要： Abstract • The rice growth was promoted by nano-TiO2 of 0.1–100 mg/L. • Nano-TiO2 enhanced the energy storage in photosynthesis. • Nano-TiO2 reduced energy consumption in carbohydrate metabolism and TCA cycle. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (nano-TiO2), as an excellent UV absorbent and photo-catalyst, has been widely applied in modern industry, thus inevitably discharged into environment. We proposed that nano-TiO2 in soil can promote crop yield through photosynthetic and metabolic disturbance, therefore, we investigated the effects of nano-TiO2 exposure on related physiologic-biochemical properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Results showed that rice biomass was increased >30% at every applied dosage (0.1–100 mg/L) of nano-TiO2. The actual photosynthetic rate (Y(II)) significantly increased by 10.0% and 17.2% in the treatments of 10 and 100 mg/L respectively, indicating an increased energy production from photosynthesis. Besides, non-photochemical quenching (Y(NPQ)) significantly decreased by 19.8%–26.0% of the control in all treatments respectively, representing a decline in heat dissipation. Detailed metabolism fingerprinting further revealed that a fortified transformation of monosaccharides (D-fructose, D-galactose, and D-talose) to disaccharides (D-cellobiose, and D-lactose) was accompanied with a weakened citric acid cycle, confirming the decrease of energy consumption in metabolism. All these results elucidated that nano-TiO2 promoted rice growth through the upregulation of energy storage in photosynthesis and the downregulation of energy consumption in metabolism. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the stress-response hormesis of rice after exposure to nano-TiO2, and provides worthy information on the potential application and risk of nanomaterials in agricultural production.

关键词： Nano-TiO2     Rice     Photosynthesis     Metabolomics     Energy storage    

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Annotation and validation of genes involved in photosynthesis and starch synthesis from a

Yang ZHANG,Xin CHEN,Haiyan WANG,Zhiqiang XIA,Peng LING,Wenquan WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第4期   页码 308-320 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016113

摘要： A full-length cDNA library from leaf and root tissues of cassava ( ) Arg7 and one accession of its wild ancestor W14 ( ssp. ) has been constructed. The library is comprised of four sub-libraries, containing 32640 recombinant clones, 6028 cDNA clones from their 5′ ends, and 128 clones from the 3′ ends were sequenced. In total, 5013 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and 1259 unigenes were obtained. Of these, 746 unigenes were identified by their sequence homologies to ESTs from model plants, and 323 unigenes were mapped onto 114 different KEGG pathways. From these, 24 differentially expressed genes involved in starch metabolism and photosynthesis were identified and five of them were selected to compare their expression level between Arg7 and W14. Notably, Arg7 has a higher net photosynthesis rate in leaves, higher ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxy-lase oxygenase activities in leaves, and higher AGPase activity in roots. This resource is the first EST collection from wild cassava and should be of value for gene discovery, genome annotation and studies of evolution.

关键词： Manihot esculenta     expressed sequence tag     unigene     pathway     expression pattern    

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Optimum nitrogen fertilization of

Wentao ZOU,Ruifeng JIA,Jinchang YANG,Rongsheng LI,Guangtian YIN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第4期   页码 368-374 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016120

摘要： A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen fertilization on seedlings grown with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400 and 600 mg N per seedling according to exponential functions. Seedling height, root collar diameter, leaf area and total biomass increased with increasing fertilization from 0 to 200 mg N per seedling and decreased with further increase in fertilization from 300 to 600 mg N per seedling. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO concentration and transpiration rate of seedlings showed a unimodal parabolic trend, with peak values of 7.29 mmol·m ·s , 0.071 mol·m ·s , 220 mmol·mol and 1.34 mmol·m ·s , respectively, when the rate of fertilization was 200 mg N per seedling. Photosynthetic gas exchange parameters were significantly different among nitrogen treatments. Based on the critical values of leaf N and P concentration and N/P ratio, the optimum amount of nitrogen of seedlings was 200–400 mg per seedling for leaf N and P concentration, and 100–400 mg per seedling for N/P ratio. It was concluded that 200–400 mg N per seedling was the most suitable nitrogen range for seedlings.

关键词： Calophyllum inophyllum     growth     nitrogen fertilization     nutrient status     photosynthesis    

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Initiation of Setaria as a model plant

Xianmin DIAO,James SCHNABLE,Jeffrey L. BENNETZEN,Jiayang LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第1期   页码 16-20 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014011

摘要： Model organisms such as Arabidopsis ( ) and rice ( ) have proven essential for efficient scientific discovery and development of new methods. With the diversity of plant lineages, some important processes such as C photosynthesis are not found in either Arabidopsis or rice, so new model species are needed. Due to their small diploid genomes, short life cycles, self-pollination, small adult statures and prolific seed production, domesticated foxtail millet ( ) and its wild ancestor, green foxtail ( ), have recently been proposed as novel model species for functional genomics of the Panicoideae, especially for study of C photosynthesis. This review outlines the development of these species as model organisms, and discusses current challenges and future potential of a Setaria model.

关键词： Setaria     foxtail millet     C4 photosynthesis     model organism    

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Applications of traditional pump design theory to artificial heart and CFD simulation

WANG Yingpeng, SONG Xinwei, YING Chuntong

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 504-507 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0059-5

摘要： A novel heart pump model was obtained by improving the traditional axial pump design theory with the consideration of working and hydraulic situations for artificial hearts. The pump head range and the velocity triangle were introduced and an iterative approach was utilized for the initial model. Moreover, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to determine relevant model parameters. The results show that this procedure can be used for designing a series of high-efficiency artificial heart pumps.

关键词： computational     high-efficiency artificial     iterative approach     artificial     traditional    

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INTERACTIVE KNOWLEDGE LEARNING BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SMALLHOLDERS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 648-653 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023505

摘要：

Enhancement of farming management relies heavily on enhancing farmer knowledge. In the past, both the direct learning approach and the personnel extension system for improving fertilization practices of smallholders has proven insufficiently effective. Therefore, this article proposes an interactive knowledge learning approach using artificial intelligence as a promising alternative. The system consists of two parts. The first is a dialog interface that accepts information from farmers about their current farming practices. The second part is an intelligent decision system, which categorizes the information provided by farmers in two categories. The first consists of on-farm constraints, such as fertilizer resources, split application times and seasons. The second comprises knowledge-based practices by farmers, such as nutrient in- and output balance, ratios of different nutrients and the ratios of each split nutrient amount to the total nutrient input. The interactive knowledge learning approach aims to identify and rectify incorrect practices in the knowledge-based category while considering the farmer’s available finance, labor, and fertilizer resources. Investigations show that the interactive knowledge learning approach can make a strong contribution to prevention of the overuse of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution.

关键词： artificial intelligence     extension system     non-point source pollution control     smallholders     fertilization    

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PROTECTIVE ROLES OF D1 PROTEIN TURNOVER AND THE XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE IN TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) UNDER SUB-HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH LIGHT STRESS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第2期

摘要：

D1 protein turnover and the xanthophyll cycle (XC) are important photoprotective mechanisms in plants that operate under adverse conditions. Here, streptomycin sulfate (SM) and dithiothreitol (DTT) were used in tomato plants as inhibitors of D1 protein turnover and XC to elucidate their photoprotective impacts under sub-high temperature and high light conditions (HH, 35°C, 1000 µmol·m-2·s-1). SM and DTT treatments significantly reduced the net photosynthetic rate, apparent quantum efficiency, maximum photochemical efficiency, and potential activity of photosystem II, leading to photoinhibition and a decline in plant biomass under HH. The increase in reactive oxygen species levels resulted in thylakoid membrane lipid peroxidation. In addition, there were increased non-photochemical quenching and decreased chlorophyll pigments in SM and DTT application, causing an inhibition of D1 protein production at both transcriptional and translational levels. Overall, inhibition of D1 turnover caused greater photoinhibition than XC inhibition. Additionally, the recovery levels of most photosynthesis indicators in DTT-treated plants were higher than in SM-treated plants. These findings support the view that D1 turnover has a more important role than XC in photoprotection in tomato under HH conditions.

 

关键词： D1 turnover / photoinhibition / photoprotection / photosynthesis / tomato / xanthophyll cycle    

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Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: where are we heading?

Joseph JY Sung, Nicholas CH Poon

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 511-517 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0742-4

摘要： Artificial intelligence (AI) is coming to medicine in a big wave. From making diagnosis in various medical conditions, following the latest advancements in scientific literature, suggesting appropriate therapies, to predicting prognosis and outcome of diseases and conditions, AI is offering unprecedented possibilities to improve care for patients. Gastroenterology is a field that AI can make a significant impact. This is partly because the diagnosis of gastrointestinal conditions relies a lot on image-based investigations and procedures (endoscopy and radiology). AI-assisted image analysis can make accurate assessment and provide more information than conventional analysis. AI integration of genomic, epigenetic, and metagenomic data may offer new classifications of gastrointestinal cancers and suggest optimal personalized treatments. In managing relapsing and remitting diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and peptic ulcer bleeding, convoluted neural network may formulate models to predict disease outcome, enhancing treatment efficacy. AI and surgical robots can also assist surgeons in conducting gastrointestinal operations. While the advancement and new opportunities are exciting, the responsibility and liability issues of AI-assisted diagnosis and management need much deliberations.

关键词： artificial intelligence     endoscopy     robotics     gastrointestinal diseases    

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Effects of

Yuping ZHANG, Yanfei ZHOU, Xingxu ZHANG, Tingyu DUAN, Zhibiao NAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第1期   页码 148-158 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017195

摘要： Fungal endophytes of some cultivated grasses can increase plant performance and competitive abilities, especially under stress. Far less is known about the influence of infections in wild populations of wild grasses. In this study, plants of three ecotypes (WLS, QY and WTS) either infected with endophyte (E+) or uninfected (E–) were grown in the field. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and concentrations of H O and malondialdehyde were examined in the leaves of E+ and E– plants. We also determined photosynthesis parameters, leaf blade and sheath carbohydrate concentration and plant growth parameters of both E+ and E– plants. E+ plants from the WLS and QY populations had significantly higher antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic capability ( <0.05), superior growth characteristics including more abundant carbohydrate concentration than E– plants. In contrast, in plants from the WTS population, the endophyte had no significant effect on reactive oxygen species scavenging capability and growth performance ( >0.05), and even displayed some negative effects on plant photosynthetic capability. Thus, endophyte infection significantly affected antioxidant enzyme activities ( <0.05), photosynthesis and growth capability, although, the effects varied with plant ecotypes.

关键词： antioxidant enzymes     Elymus dahuricus     Epichloë     fungal endophyte     photosynthesis    

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The Tong Test: Evaluating Artificial General Intelligence Through Dynamic Embodied Physical and Social

Yujia Peng,Jiaheng Han,Zhenliang Zhang,Lifeng Fan,Tengyu Liu,Siyuan Qi,Xue Feng,Yuxi Ma,Yizhou Wang,Song-Chun Zhu,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.006

摘要： The release of the generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) series has brought artificial general intelligence (AGI) to the forefront of the artificial intelligence (AI) field once again. However, the questions of how to define and evaluate AGI remain unclear. This perspective article proposes that the evaluation of AGI should be rooted in dynamic embodied physical and social interactions (DEPSI). More specifically, we propose five critical characteristics to be considered as AGI benchmarks and suggest the Tong test as an AGI evaluation system. The Tong test describes a value- and ability-oriented testing system that delineates five levels of AGI milestones through a virtual environment with DEPSI, allowing for infinite task generation. We contrast the Tong test with classical AI testing systems in terms of various aspects and propose a systematic evaluation system to promote standardized, quantitative, and objective benchmarks and evaluation of AGI.

关键词： Artificial general intelligence     Artificial intelligence benchmark     Artificial intelligence evaluation     Embodied artificial intelligence     Value alignment     Turing test     Causality    

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Polyamines and antioxidant defense system are associated with cold tolerance in centipedegrass

Jingjing CHEN, Junyang FANG, Zhenfei GUO, Shaoyun LU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第1期   页码 129-138 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017197

摘要： Physiological responses to low temperature were analyzed in a chilling-tolerant centipedegrass ( ) accession, Shao Guan (SG), in comparison to the commercial cultivar, Common. Lower levels of ion leakage and higher chlorophyll (Chl) concentration were observed in SG than in Common during chilling stress. The maximum photochemical efficiency, the actual photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, photochemical quenching efficiency, and net photosynthetic rate were decreased during chilling stress in both genotypes, with higher levels of these parameters shown by SG than Common. In addition, higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate-peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), and higher concentrations of ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) were observed in SG than in Common. Moreover, higher concentrations of putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) were observed in SG than in Common. Correlation analysis indicated that SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities, and AsA and GSH concentrations showed high correlation to Put, while APX, GR, and AsA concentrations were correlated to Spd. Exogenous Put or Spd increased antioxidant enzyme activities and chilling tolerance. The results suggested that polyamine-regulated antioxidants are important for chilling tolerance in centipedegrass and protect plants against chilling induced oxidative damage.

关键词： antioxidants     centipedegrass     chilling     photosynthesis     polyamines    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Wastewater treatment meets artificial photosynthesis: Solar to green fuel production, water remediation

期刊论文

Visible light responsive photocatalysts developed by substitution with metal cations aiming at artificialphotosynthesis

期刊论文

Impact of photosynthesis and transpiration on nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands

LUO Weiguo, WANG Shihe, HUANG Juan, YAN Lu, HUANG Jun

期刊论文

Ga(X)N/Si nanoarchitecture: An emerging semiconductor platform for sunlight-powered water splitting toward hydrogen

期刊论文

Photosynthesis and related metabolic mechanism of promoted rice (Oryza sativa

Yingdan Zhang, Na Liu, Wei Wang, Jianteng Sun, Lizhong Zhu

期刊论文

Annotation and validation of genes involved in photosynthesis and starch synthesis from a

Yang ZHANG,Xin CHEN,Haiyan WANG,Zhiqiang XIA,Peng LING,Wenquan WANG

期刊论文

Optimum nitrogen fertilization of

Wentao ZOU,Ruifeng JIA,Jinchang YANG,Rongsheng LI,Guangtian YIN

期刊论文

Initiation of Setaria as a model plant

Xianmin DIAO,James SCHNABLE,Jeffrey L. BENNETZEN,Jiayang LI

期刊论文

Applications of traditional pump design theory to artificial heart and CFD simulation

WANG Yingpeng, SONG Xinwei, YING Chuntong

期刊论文

INTERACTIVE KNOWLEDGE LEARNING BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR SMALLHOLDERS

期刊论文

PROTECTIVE ROLES OF D1 PROTEIN TURNOVER AND THE XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE IN TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM) UNDER SUB-HIGH TEMPERATURE AND HIGH LIGHT STRESS

期刊论文

Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: where are we heading?

Joseph JY Sung, Nicholas CH Poon

期刊论文

Effects of

Yuping ZHANG, Yanfei ZHOU, Xingxu ZHANG, Tingyu DUAN, Zhibiao NAN

期刊论文

The Tong Test: Evaluating Artificial General Intelligence Through Dynamic Embodied Physical and Social

Yujia Peng,Jiaheng Han,Zhenliang Zhang,Lifeng Fan,Tengyu Liu,Siyuan Qi,Xue Feng,Yuxi Ma,Yizhou Wang,Song-Chun Zhu,

期刊论文

Polyamines and antioxidant defense system are associated with cold tolerance in centipedegrass

Jingjing CHEN, Junyang FANG, Zhenfei GUO, Shaoyun LU

期刊论文